The result has been weak local government powers and structures that could. The role, composition and remuneration of boards of directors in share companies hussein ahmed tura abstract good corporate governance is an important pillar of the market economy and it. A usersguide to measuring local governance 1 introduction this guide is intended to respond to an increasing demand from undp country offices and a wide range of national stakeholders for. Citizen participation and local democracy in zimbabwean local. Modalities of ngo establishment and operation in ethiopia. Decentralization in ethiopia is hoped to bring about harmony and cooperation between different groups and promote local selfrule. Good governance is a dismal performance in the ethiopian public sector. Pdf historically, local authorities in ethiopia enjoyed wide political, administrative, judicial, and financial autonomy. Since governance is the process of decisionmaking and the process by which decisions are implemented, an analysis of governance focuses on the formal and informal actors involved in decisionmaking and. The international framework is not intended to replace national and sectoral governance. With its rising economic growth and a growing youth population, ethiopia s current transition to a democratic and. Why it matters for scaleup and sustainability deborah ash, fanta project, fhi 360.
In the final chapter, the trend in adequately empowering local government in ethiopia will be assessed and a conclusion on. In ethiopia, the governance structures at the region, zone, woreda and the kebele level follow the same tripartite structurean elected head of the administration. To the extent that peasant associations maintained some of their initial autonomy, they did so almost exclusively with regard to local issues. These two traditions have dissimilar conceptualisations. The 1989 world bank study, subsaharan africa from crisis to sustainable growth 1, indicated good governance as a public service that is efficient, a judicial system that is reliable, and an administration that is accountable to the public.
Local government, local governance and sustainable. Nov 08, 20 the concept good governance emerged as a development agenda by world bank twenty years ago. While its economy has been on a growth trajectory for the. Although politics is the driving force behind devolution in most. Accordingly, the importance of local government is increasing in service provision, poverty alleviation and facilitating development. While attempts at recognising local government in the australian federal constitution have failed, local government is acknowledged in state constitutions, but without any guarantees with regard to powers or autonomy.
Regional shengos could draft their own budgets and development plans, but these had to be approved by the national shengo. This is a departure from the past political system which did not allow for selfrule and institutional development and harmony between the different ethnic groups. Womens political participation and economic empowerment. Politicalwhen we talk of good governance in the context of ethiopia the need for political reforms occupies the most prominent place.
Local government discretion and accountability in ethiopia 3 table 1. The process of decentralisation in ethiopia since 1991 5 at the regional level have accompanied one another with the share of total spending at this level estimated at about 38 percent of total government expenditure, and about 45 percent or more of total nondiscretionary expenditure ibid. In many local communities most citizens do not participate in decisions that affect their daily. Nevertheless, the local authorities and people are not capacitated in this effort khwaja, 2004.
In 2001, the government of these decentralizing four regions decided to move important sector departments such as health, education, agriculture extension, water supply and. The manual may be useful as well for snv and its partner organisations in other regions, as it forms an practical introduction into snvs focal points. Strengthening good governance in urban land management in. We hope that this will be useful to schemes, prospective schemes and the wide range of. It follows the worldwide trend that state power is increasingly devolved to lower levels of government in italy, regions, provinces and municipalities in order to strengthen democracy and promote development.
The country financial accountability assessment cfaa for ethiopia was undertaken between april 2001 and november 2002, culminating in the in country mission carried out over a threeweek period in september and early october 2002 by a joint team of federal govemment of ethiopia officials, world bank staff, and a number of donorfunded. Nov 16, 2015 good governance is a dismal performance in the ethiopian public sector. The fdre constitution thus duly envisages that each regional state establishes a system appropriate to it by means of its constitution. Local government, local governance and sustainable development getting the parameters right introduction since 1994, south africa has experienced a steep learning curve with regard to institutional design in general, and local government in particular. Status of local governance at woredadistrict level in ethiopia.
First, there is the academic approach, which focuses mainly on the study of. The place and role of local government in federal systems. Executive power is exercised by the government while legislative power is vested in the parliament. Good governance, land management, land delivery, formal and informal settlements. Decentralization, devolution and local governance in nepal reshmi raj pandey ministry of federal affairs and local development. The new york state department of state division of local government services. The process of decentralisation in ethiopia since 1991.
Good governance in the public sector consultation draft for. Very recently, there was a live broadcast on ethiopian television focused on a study report on good governance in the ethiopian public sector. A political economy study after 1991, ethiopia has introduced an ethnic federal governance system constituting nine regional states and two autonomous city administrations, addis ababa and dire dawa. A governance approach highlights issues of state responsiveness and accountability, and the. While restructuring its national political landscape from a feudal imperialist to military dictatorship and now to revolutionary democracy, the. The politics of subnational constitutions and local. Breaking with a centralized past, the incumbent government of the ethiopian peoples revolutionary democratic front eprdf committed itself to a decentralization policy in the early 1990s and has since then created a number of new sites for statecitizen interactions. This guide to principles of good governance is one of highlevel principles which reflects this diversity and is intended to supplement the criteria.
New york state has a tradition of home rule authority and providing citizens with a strong voice in their local governments. Background of the study historically, the purpose of municipal government was to provide local services such as the maintenance of streets, water and sanitation, parks, garbage collection and some other social services. Ethiopia national government, provincial government and local woreda government authorities, ucso and donororganisation personnel for sharing their experiences of working. Decentralization of power and local good governance in ethiopian. When the transition to democracy took place, south africa inherited a dysfunctional local govern. As the worlds largest democracy, and one that has taken important steps to.
Therefore, the quest for good leadership is a sinequanon for governance and sustainable development. Devolution to woreda level in the other regions, on the other hand, is still in process. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Introduction cities in ethiopia are facing many challenges of land management. This discussion will focus on the structural organisation, functions, powers and financial sources of local government.
As the worlds largest democracy, and one that has taken important steps to open opportunities for marginalised. Stability, good governance, and rule of law are essential for continued economic growth and social development in ethiopia, one of the poorest and populous countri es in the world. Good governance in the public sector consultation draft. Over the years, national development has been canvassed to take off from. Guide to principles of good governance 2 british and irish ombudsman association october 2009 3 membership. According to shimelis 2005, while the sample index of ethiopia is 36% and the same trend persists in the country governance profile by subsequent ecas governance survey of 2005 eca, 2005. The project was designed to support the government of ethiopia s urban development and urban good governance progr ams, specifically to support improved performance in the planning, delivery, and sustained provision of priority municipal services and infrastructure by urban local governments. This clearly shows that ethiopia is still good governance. Dec 28, 2007 the 1991 government change in ethiopia ushered in a centralised system of governance, aimed to bring about harmony and cooperation between different groups and to promote local selfrule. I declare that an evaluation of good governance and ervice delivery at subs national. With ongoing local government reform, there is an indication that, peoples participation in all planning and implementation might become a reality. Government privatizes or deregulates private functions, such as occurred in the case of new zealand forest sector. Burundi, eritrea, ethiopia, kenya, rwanda, somalia, tanzania and uganda. Good governance can enhance capacity building in government for poverty reduction strategies.
Today, ethiopia is home to 916,678 refugees primarily from eritrea, south sudan, somalia, and sudan. By 1976, to bring local communities under tighter central control, the derg introduced laws spelling out the rights and obligations of peasant associations and kebeles. Contemporary local governance and indigenous institutions. Conceptualization local government lg unit could be defined as a political subdivision, which is organized within a state for the exercise of duties and responsibilities granted by constitutional provisions or legislative enactments therefore, local government is a public organisation sanctioned to decide and administer. Regional shengos also possessed some latitude in devising and enforcing local laws and regulations and in electing local judges. Situation analysis of local governance woreda in ethiopia, meskerem shiferaw written for the 4th international conference on ethiopian studies, organized by western michigan university, august 2007 3 status of local governance at woredadistrict level in ethiopia abstract in ethiopia, about 50% of the population lives below poverty line. These bodies were responsible mainly for implementing the central government s laws and decisions. Local governance calls for an increased participation of civil society in activities that traditionally formed part of the public sphere. Local government discretion andlocal government discretion. Governance is about the processes by which public policy decisions are made and implemented. Assessing the prevalence of good governance in public sectors. Ethiopia has undergone through different types of local governance in the last half a century. Whether or not this latter will be the model for the future is uncertain, but it is clear that local government, due to its proximity, has a very special responsibility. Good governance on the ground in ethiopia global journal.
Good governance the concept in the last twenty years, the concepts of governance and good governance have become widely used in both the academic and donor communities. Insights from southern ethiopia jennifer swiftmorgan education development center community participation is a term frequently used and often cited in international educational development. A synthesis of research findings from select districts in india. Ethiopias human development index score has steadily increased over the past decade, but its participation and human rights score has remained stagnant.
Local government will implement national policies if. However, borrowing seems to be very limited at the local level in ethiopia. The federal democratic republic of ethiopia ministry of w orks and urban development resettlement policy framework urban local government development project draft no. Ndpg national nutrition coordinating body line ministries chaired by moh. Such transfer of power is believed to bring not only political stability and contribute to democratic governance, but also improve service delivery and attain equity. Accra ethiopia former country and international coordinators for affording us opportunities to converse with them and tap into memories of accra for lesson learning. Local government is crucial to develop democratic structure in federal systems by addressing the grass root society. The challenges of leadership and governance in africa. Supporting local government action in climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction and development planning this is one in a series of accra briefs developed as an output of accras research and capacitybuilding work conducted in 201011, in three sites in.
Finally, what rules ethiopia could possibly borrow from the corporate governance rules of germany will be shown. The 1991 government change in ethiopia has ushered in a decentralized system of governance. Democracy, human rights, and governance ethiopia u. It is the result of interactions, relationships and networks between the different sectors government, public sector, private sector. The report highlighted that the absence of good governance is prevalent in all sectors and regions without any variation. I declare that an evaluation of good governance and ervice. It is with great excitement that we launch this important publication, opportunities and challenges of womens political participation in india. Local government handbook new york department of state. Assessments of local governance a usersguide to measuring local governance 5 1. In this article, jennifer swiftmorgan investigates the. Decentralised local governance and poverty reduction in post. Governance can be used in several contexts such as corporate governance, international governance, national governance and local governance. The quest for good governance in the ethiopian public sector. In 2001, the government of these decentralizing four regions decided to move important.
In the final chapter, the trend in adequately empowering local government in ethiopia. In view of these factors, no single system of local governance is likely to suit all nine of ethiopias regional states. Political legitimacy through periodic free and fair election during which results are. Descriptions of decentralization are drawn primarily from recent undp reports and publications, and from a selection of other documents from the world bank and other sources. A local governance approach to programming vii 1 for example, of the 169 sdg targets, 21 per cent can only be implemented with the help of local actors, while an additional 24 per. Decentralised local governance and poverty reduction in post1991 ethiopia. While election of new leadership of the ruling party has brought forth a surge of optimism in most quarters that democratic space will expand, stability is still fragile as ethnic and identitybased conflict prevails. The federal democratic republic of ethiopia ministry of w. Ethiopia s human development index score has steadily increased over the past decade, but its participation and human rights score has remained stagnant.
This article explores the politics of decentralization and statepeasant encounters in rural oromiya, ethiopia. Country financial accountability assessment ethiopia. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of international alerteassi and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of sida. The ethiopian electric utility eeu as a public utility enterprise was established for indefinite duration by regulation no. Local government administration in nigeria is classified as the third tier of government while several problems have been its recurring decimal and various reforms since 1976 havent been able to make the system effective and responsible to developmental challenges.
It has maintained an opendoor policy toward refugees since the 1990s. Applying democratic autonomy at the local level desta, asayehgn, sarlo distinguished professor of sustainable economic development nov 2016 introduction ethiopia seems to be in a paradox. The local government constitutes the most critical level of government in the move for sustainable national development. The 1991 government change in ethiopia ushered in a centralised system of governance, aimed to bring about harmony and cooperation between different groups and to promote local selfrule. The judiciary is more or less independent of the executive and the legislature. The aim of good governance in the public sector international framework is to encourage better service delivery and improved accountability by establishing a benchmark for good governance in the public sector. A diagnostic framework for local governance serdar yilmaz, yakup beris, and rodrigo serranoberthet. In ethiopia, marginalization of indigenous knowledge and indigenous.
Venugopal, 2008, local government discretion and accountability in ethiopia, international studies program working paper 0838, andrew young school of policy studies alefe. Essential to this concept of governance is a broader interaction of public and private social actors, especially at the local level. Local governance and paradoxes of household autonomy and control in northeast ethiopia, 19912001 volume 74 issue 4 teferi abate adem. Government privatizes or deregulates private functions, such as occurred in. In addition to the policies introduced immediately after independence some measures were taken by the government to allow full participation of the private sector. The international framework is not intended to replace national and sectoral governance codes. The government of ethiopia is structured in the form of a federal parliamentary republic, whereby the prime minister is the head of government. Local government including municipalities with publicprivate partnerships that contribute to the. Ethiopia urban local government development project. Rfp ethiopia leadership training september 2018 page 2 ii. Decentralization, devolution and local governance in nepal. Service delivery, a challenge for local governments.
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